Excerpt from Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers (Instituted 1852), Vol. 30: October to December, 1893 It would exceed the limits of this paper to enter into a description of the chemical qualities of Portland cement and the development of the methods of manufacture, the making, drying, burning and grind ing of the cement bricks; let us rather deal With the finished product and its mechanical properties, and state in what manner the quality of German Portland cement was systematically improved and how, ...
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Excerpt from Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers (Instituted 1852), Vol. 30: October to December, 1893 It would exceed the limits of this paper to enter into a description of the chemical qualities of Portland cement and the development of the methods of manufacture, the making, drying, burning and grind ing of the cement bricks; let us rather deal With the finished product and its mechanical properties, and state in what manner the quality of German Portland cement was systematically improved and how, in Germany more than elsewhere, efforts have been made, with the aid of scientific investigations, to probe the nature of Portland cement, bring its hidden properties to light and render them useful. Before German Portland cement gained the world-wide fame it now enjoys, it had to overcome manifold difficulties. From the first, the competition with the English factories was severe. The low shipping rates and the extensive commerce of the home of Portland cement con stantly drew large quantities of the English product to the German ports, and the reduction made in railroad tariffs for the benefit of these ports favored the introduction of a large part of this product into the interior. At the large ports on the North Sea the effect of English competition was especially marked, owing to the comparatively great distance of the German cement factories, and to this day the English product has not been entirely displaced. But in Central and South Germany the English competition, though favored bv the natural water way of the Rhine, has been compelled to abandon the field in favor of home factories erected in that region. Prejudice against German Port land cement and in favor of the foreign product was a further obstacle to its rapid introduction, to overcome which required long-continued efforts of the German manufacturers, perfected methods of manufacture and unceasing scientific labors of the large number of investigators who entered the service of this industry. To-day every German factory has in its employ one or more scientifically educated chemists whose duty it is to study the raw materials and the intermediate and finished pro ducts. Besides the powerfully equipped English factories, the compe tition of continental neighbors, especially Austria and Switzerland, had to be overcome; and, finally, the greatest of all obstacles, the prejudices against it arising from the long use of other low-priced and poorer mortar materials and ignorance of the new. The lack of knowledge re garding methods of test on the part of the consumer caused cheaper varieties of cement to be used and created a deep distrust of Portland cement, not only among builders, but even among the authorities. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at ... This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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