This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 Excerpt: ...of heat must be given up by it in the other part of its changes. Now with every change of volume a certain amount of work must be done by the gas or upon it, since by its expansion it overcomes an external pressure, and since its compression can be brought about only by an exertion of external pressure. If, therefore, ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 Excerpt: ...of heat must be given up by it in the other part of its changes. Now with every change of volume a certain amount of work must be done by the gas or upon it, since by its expansion it overcomes an external pressure, and since its compression can be brought about only by an exertion of external pressure. If, therefore, among the changes to which it has been subjected there are changes of volume, work must be done upon it and by it. It is not necessary, however, that at the end of the operation, when it is again brought to its original state, the work done by it shall on the whole equal that done upon it, so that the two quantities of work shall counterbalance each other. There may be an excess of one or the other of these quantities of work, since the compression may take place at a higher or lower temperature than the expansion, as will be more definitely shown later on. To this excess of work done by the gas or upon it there must correspond, by our principle, a proportional excess of heat consumed or produced, and the gas cannot give up to the surrounding medium the same amount of heat as it receives. The same contradiction to the ordinary assumption about the total heat may be presented in another way.. If the gas at t0 and v0 is brought to the higher temperature t and the larger volume vv the quantity of heat which must be imparted to it is, on that assumption, independent of the way in which the change is brought about; from our principle, however, it is different, according as the gas is first heated while its volume, v0, is constant, and then allowed to expand at the constant temperature tu or is first expanded at the constant temperature t0, and then heated, or as the expansion and heating are interchanged in any other way or even occur together, sin...
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