This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1903 Excerpt: ...occurring cases may be distinguished as follows: --Case a.--Straining action chiefly a bending moment constant in direction while the shaft revolves. Stress on each fibre ranging from + /to--/in each revolution. Case b.--Straining action chiefly a twisting moment, constant in direction, and varying little during ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1903 Excerpt: ...occurring cases may be distinguished as follows: --Case a.--Straining action chiefly a bending moment constant in direction while the shaft revolves. Stress on each fibre ranging from + /to--/in each revolution. Case b.--Straining action chiefly a twisting moment, constant in direction, and varying little during working periods. Case c--Straining action chiefly a twisting moment, constant in direction, but varying frequently. Stress ranging between o and /frequently. Case d.--Straining action chiefly a twisting moment which frequently reverses in direction. Stress in any fibre ranging from +/ to--/. Axles of water wheels correspond to Case a. Vertical turbine shafts fall between Cases b and c. Shafts transmitting power and not subject to large bending action correspond to Case c. Shafts transmitting the power of reversing engines correspond to Case d. Shafts subject to torsion constant in direction and large bending action fall between Case c and Case d. The following average values may be used as guides in. cases where practical experience has not determined the most suitable limits of working stress. 135. Modern practice in the manufacture of steel shafting.--The shaft1ng and crank pins of large engines subjected to constantly varying torsional and bending straining actions require the utmost care in the selection of material and design. When such parts fail, generally near crank webs or flanges, they often exhibit a fracture which has begun at the surface where the stress is greatest and has gradually extended inwards. The fracture shows a fine-grained and sometimes discoloured exterior ring and coarser grained centre, where final sudden fracture has taken place. That is the characteristic fracture due to 1 fatigue' or to continued repetition of a range o...
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