Excerpt from The Constant and Variable Errors of Educational Measurements A constant error is one which has the same magnitude for all of the scores of a given group. In other words the presence of a constant error results in all the scores' of this group being either too high or too low. In the field of physical measurement we have an illustration of a constant error when a merchant gives short weights, such as a grocer who uses a peck or bushel measure which has a false bottom. The group of scores to which a given ...
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Excerpt from The Constant and Variable Errors of Educational Measurements A constant error is one which has the same magnitude for all of the scores of a given group. In other words the presence of a constant error results in all the scores' of this group being either too high or too low. In the field of physical measurement we have an illustration of a constant error when a merchant gives short weights, such as a grocer who uses a peck or bushel measure which has a false bottom. The group of scores to which a given constant error applies may be those of a class, a school system or a group of school systems. It is possible that a given constant error would affect the scores made by boys and not those made by girls even when both sexes are tested together. Furthermore, it should be noted that a constant error may be either positive or negative. A variable error of measurement is one which varies or differs in magnitude for the several scores of a given group. We may secure an illustration of variable errors in the field of physicalmeasurement by having a group of persons guess the length of a given object, for example, a table or even a pencil. If these guesses are made independently they are found to extend over a considerable range. In order to determine the magnitude of the variable errors involved in any guess it is necessary to determine the true length. In our illustration this might be done by having the length carefully measured by means of a yardstick or a tapeline. However, if we have secured a reasonably large number of guesses we may obtain an approximately true measure of the length by taking the average of the guesses. The difference between the true measure and any guess constitutes a variable error.1 Some-of these differences are positive and some negative. A few approximate zero. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at ... This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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