This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1868 Excerpt: ...As these new observations refer principally to the ankle and elbow-joint, and as I shall have afterwards to refer to them in detail, I shall at present only allude to such points as bear on the subject of this communication. The important fact announced by these three observers is the screw configuration of the ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1868 Excerpt: ...As these new observations refer principally to the ankle and elbow-joint, and as I shall have afterwards to refer to them in detail, I shall at present only allude to such points as bear on the subject of this communication. The important fact announced by these three observers is the screw configuration of the articular surfaces of the elbow, ankle, and calcaneo-astragaloid joints. The method of investigation adopted was to trace lines on one of the articular surfaces by means of a steel point passed a little beyond the opposite surface previous to putting the joint through its movements. These lines are termed "ganglinii" "go-lines," and in all the joints examined are arranged obliquely to their axes of rotation. Langer, acting on the happy idea of prolonging the screw, by uniting in one direction a number of plaster casts of the same articular surface, succeeded in forming continued screws from the upper articular surface of the astragalus in the horse, panther, and human subject. Langer concludes that the "go-line" of the ankle-joint in all the Mammalia is a portion of a helix, and that therefore the astragaloid surface is a segment of a cylindrical or conical male screw, while the tibio-fibular surface is a segment of the corresponding female screw. The right ankle-joint is a lefthanded screw combination; the left ankle-joint a righthanded. When, therefore, the foot is conceived to be fixed, the leg, in passing from a position of extension to flexion, moves laterally outwards along the axis of rotation, to an extent which is directly as the amount of rotation and the sine of the angle of inclination of the thread--that is, in proportion to the extent of flexion and the rapidity of the screw. In attempting by Hanger's metho...
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