Science, Olff By J. Arthur Thomson, M. A., LL. D. Professor of Natural History in the University of Aberdeen Author of What Is Man The System of Animate Nature, Biology of the Seasons, The Wonder of Life Heredity The Study of Animal Life etc. Editor of The Outline of Science G. P. Putnams Sons London icksrlock 1924 DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE VERY REVEREND SIR GEORGE ADAM SMITH M. A., D. D., LL. D., LITT. D., F. B. A. PRINCIPAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF NEVER FAILING ENCOURAGEMENT PREFACE ...
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Science, Olff By J. Arthur Thomson, M. A., LL. D. Professor of Natural History in the University of Aberdeen Author of What Is Man The System of Animate Nature, Biology of the Seasons, The Wonder of Life Heredity The Study of Animal Life etc. Editor of The Outline of Science G. P. Putnams Sons London icksrlock 1924 DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE VERY REVEREND SIR GEORGE ADAM SMITH M. A., D. D., LL. D., LITT. D., F. B. A. PRINCIPAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF NEVER FAILING ENCOURAGEMENT PREFACE THE science of Biology has naturally changed not a little since Darwins day. To appreciate the changes one may utilize a systematic treatise of recent date, and this is what every serious student must eventually do. But there is another method, which this book illustrates, that of selecting a number of arresting topics and discussing these in the light of recent advances. This Is a more indirect method of gaining some understanding of the New Biology, but it is not less fruitful. Another motive underlies the studies here presented, that of continuing the disclosure of the unending interest of Animate Nature, even in everyday sights. Ones ambition, not, alas, ones accomplishment, is expressed in Merediths line You, of any well that springs, may unfold the heaven of things The book is full of fresh facts mostly the discoveries of others but not less im portant is the presentation of these in a framework of personal reflections, some of which are fresh ideas in Biology. Studies I-XX have mainly to do with problems of Natural History or Ecology Studies XXI-XXXIX are more strictly biological Studies XL-XLV dis cuss evolution questions Studies XLVI-LII deal with man and hisoutlook. It is a pleasure to thank the proprietors and editors of The New Statesman, The Glasgow Herald, John oLondons vi PREFACE Weekly, Time and Tide, and the Illustrated London News for their courteous willingness that I should use, as a basis for these studies, various articles of mine which have appeared in their columns. J. ARTHUR THOMSON. University of Aberdeen, March, 1924. CONTENTS CHAPTER PACB I. SCIENTIFIC SNAPSHOTS .... 3 II. MAMMALS AND BIRDS OF THE MOUNTAINS n III. THE UNDERWORLD ..... 19 IV. A VISIT TO A BIRD-HILL ... 29 V. A NATURALISTS PARADISE 37 VI. SEA SNAKES AND SEA SERPENTS . . 47 VII. THE ENCHANTED WOOD 55 VIIL CAVE ANIMALS ..... 61 IX. HERALDS OF SPRING .... 67 X. A SOCIETY SECRET .... 75 XL ANTS AND PLANTS . . 85 XII. INSIDE AN ANTS NEST .... 93 XIII. SLAVERY AMONG ANTS . . . . 101 XIV, BEETLES AND BUGS IN PARTNERSHIP . 109 XV. INSECT MUSICIANS . . . . .117 XVI. GARDENER INSECTS . . . .123 XVII. THE FLOWER AND THE BEE . . . 131 XVIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF WAX . .139 XIX, SHOWERS OF GOSSAMER . . . . 147 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE XX. PEARLS AND PEARLS . . . 53 XXL THE PASSIONATE PIGEON . . .161 XXII. THE PROBLEM OF ANTLERS . . .171 XXIIL DANCING AMONG BIRDS AND BEASTS . 181 XXIV. MOTHERING AMONG ANIMALS . . .189 XXV. MILK 197 XXVI. COMMENSALISM 2O5 XXVIL SYMBIOSIS 213 XXVIIL ODDITIES OF DIET . ., .221 XXIX. PLANTS LIVING IN INSECTS . ., 229 XXX. THE CAT AND THE MOUSE . . .237 XXXI. THE DANCING MOUSE . 243 XXXII. BIOLOGICAL DICHOTOMIES, .251 XXXIII. MANY INVENTIONS .... 261 XXXIV. THE CALL OF THE SEA . . . .271 XXXV. THE BEHAVIOUR OF INSECTS ., 277 XXXVL SENSITIVE PLANTS 285 XXXVIL COLOUR OF TROUT AND OTHER FISHES . 295 XXXVIII. LIVING LIGHTS 307 XXXIX.BACTERIA AND LUMINESCENCE . . 315 XL. THE AGE OF THE EARTH ., . 323 XLL How THE ELEPHANT GOT ITS TRUNK . 331 XLIL THE ORIGIN OF LAND PLANTS . 339 XLIII, THE ROMANCE OF THE WHEAT ., 349 XLIV. TOWARDS SOCIALITY . 359 CONTENTS ix CHAPTER PAGE XLV. INBREEDING AND OUTBREEDING . . 369 XLVL THE HUMAN HAND . 377 XLVII. MANS PLACE IN NATURE . . . 385 KLVIII. THE HUB OF CREATION . . - 395 XLIX. INCREASE OF KNOWLEDGE, INCREASE OF SORROW ., .., . 403 L. THE BEAUTY OF ANIMAL LIFE . . 409 LI. NATURAL HISTORY AND MEDICINE . 417 LIL THE NEW NATURAL HISTORY . ...
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