Excerpt: ... in England to-day. In ancient times, too, the uncleanliness of the Spartans in body and clothing was very surprising to the Athenians: Xenoph., Resp. Laced., II, 4; Plutarch, Lycurg, 16. Just., Lac., 5. Still more that of many barbarians, for instance of the Illyrians: Stobaeus, V, 51, 132; Gaisf. Aelian., V, H. IV, 1. The ancient Romans bathed only once a week (Seneca, Epist., 86), while under the Empire, "the baths embraced and filled up the whole life of man and all his wishes." (Gerlach.) Compare Becker, ...
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Excerpt: ... in England to-day. In ancient times, too, the uncleanliness of the Spartans in body and clothing was very surprising to the Athenians: Xenoph., Resp. Laced., II, 4; Plutarch, Lycurg, 16. Just., Lac., 5. Still more that of many barbarians, for instance of the Illyrians: Stobaeus, V, 51, 132; Gaisf. Aelian., V, H. IV, 1. The ancient Romans bathed only once a week (Seneca, Epist., 86), while under the Empire, "the baths embraced and filled up the whole life of man and all his wishes." (Gerlach.) Compare Becker, Gallus, II, 10 ff.; Lamprid, V, Comm., 11. SECTION CCXXIX. Pg 233 EXTENT OF LUXURY IN HIGHLY CIVILIZED TIMES. The luxury of this second period fills the whole of life and permeates every class of people. Hence we may most easily determine the degree of development a people have attained by the quantity of commodities of a finer quality which are, indeed, not indispensable to life, but which it is desirable should be consumed on as extensive a scale as possible by the nation, for the sake of the fullness of life and the freshness 229-1 of life to which they minister. Pg 234 Thus, for instance, as civilization has advanced, there has been almost everywhere a transition to a finer quality of the material of which bread is made. The number of consumers of white bread in France in 1700, was 33 per cent. of the population; in 1760, 40; in 1764, 39; in 1791, 37; in 1811, 42; in 1818, 45; in 1839, 60 per cent. 229-2 About 1758, in England and Wales, 3,750,000 of people lived on wheat bread; on barley bread, 739,000; on rye bread, 888,000; on oat bread, 623,000. The cultured southeastern population had almost nothing but wheat bread, while in the north and northwest, oat bread continued to be used a long time; and in Wales only 10 per cent. of the population ate wheat bread. This condition of things in England has since been much improved. But, at the extremities of the Hebrides, nine-tenths of the population still live on barley bread; and in Ireland...
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