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Seller's Description:
Good+ 0043030025. Soft cover published by Allen and Unwin in 1988. Back cover has some small stains. Book has a slight odor. Pages have some toning. Front endpaper has a stain at top. Book is in good condition. 8vo, 121 pages, .4 lb.; 8vo 8"-9" tall; 121 pages.
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Seller's Description:
Good. xiv, 121, [1] pages. Abbreviations. Figures. Tables. Appendix I & II. Endnotes. Index. Some page discoloration noted. PINE GAP is the most important US installation in Australia is part of a 'black' program, the geostationary SIGINT satellite program its purpose and functions are the most secret PINE GAP is the most visible sign of Australia's integration into America's security posture has long been represented to the Australian public by an extraordinary series of half-truths, evasions and disinformation. Desmond John Ball AO (20 May 1947-12 October 2016) was an Australian academic and expert on defense and security. He was credited with successfully advising the United States against nuclear escalation in the 1970s. Des Ball attended the Australian National University in 1965, shifting from being a promising student in economics to security studies. He completed a Ph.D. supervised by Hedley Bull, on the global nuclear strategies of the United States and the Soviet Union. He joined ANU as a lecturer in 1974, becoming head of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre in the ANU College of Asia and the Pacific from 1984 to 1991, and Special Professor in the centre in 1987. From 1966 he was a "person of interest" for ASIO, particularly following his inquiries into the Pine Gap secret tracking facility and Nurrungar in Australia from 1969, and was taken to court after the publication of A Suitable Piece of Real Estate in 1980. Ball was a political realist, and a believer in liberal institutions and solid defense strategies. He used an inductive, investigative approach to security studies. Since it was established, Pine Gap has assisted the US in planning for nuclear war. Pine Gap is a satellite surveillance base and Australian Earth station approximately 11 miles south-west of the town of Alice Springs, Northern Territory. It is jointly operated by Australia and the United States, and since 1988 it has been officially called the Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap (JDFPG); previously, it was known as Joint Defence Space Research Facility. It plays a significant role in supporting the intelligence activities and military operations of the US. The station is partly run by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), US National Security Agency (NSA), and US National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and is a key contributor to the NSA's global interception/surveillance effort, which included the ECHELON program. The classified NRO name for the Pine Gap base is Australian Mission Ground Station (AMGS), while the unclassified cover term for the NSA function of the facility is RAINFALL. In late 1966, during the Cold War, a joint US-Australian treaty called for the creation of a US satellite surveillance base in Australia, to be titled the "Joint Defence Space Research Facility". The purpose of the facility was initially referred to in public as "space research". The Pine Gap treaty was signed on 9 December 1966 and stated that, after an initial nine years, either Australia or the US could cancel the agreement on giving one year's notice. Operations started in 1970 when about 400 American families moved to Central Australia. The function of the base when it first opened was to monitor military activities such as missile tests in Russia, China, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, and India. Since the end of the Cold War in 1991 and the rise of the war on terror in 2001, the base has seen a refocusing from mere nuclear treaty monitoring and missile launch detection, to become a vital warfighting base for US military forces. In 1999, with the Australian Government refusing to give details to an Australian Senate committee about the relevant treaties, intelligence expert Professor Des Ball from the Australian National University was called to give an outline of Pine Gap. According to Ball, since 9 December 1966 when the Australian and United States governments signed the Pine Gap treaty, Pine Gap had grown from the original two antennas...
