The theory of decision deals with analyzing how a person chooses an action that, among a set of possible actions, leads to the best result given the preferences. If a person should invest or not in capital goods, what career a person is going to choose, what car is foing to buy, are very common problems that affect us in our daily life and to the which - in formal terms - is faced with the theory of decision. On the other hand, in recent years its influence in disciplines such as psychology and economics has been so great, ...
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The theory of decision deals with analyzing how a person chooses an action that, among a set of possible actions, leads to the best result given the preferences. If a person should invest or not in capital goods, what career a person is going to choose, what car is foing to buy, are very common problems that affect us in our daily life and to the which - in formal terms - is faced with the theory of decision. On the other hand, in recent years its influence in disciplines such as psychology and economics has been so great, along with applied mathematics, sociology, political science and philosophy - which have that it is very difficult to address some of these specialties without having a knowledge of theory of the decision. Decision theory has become an indispensable working tool in disciplines as varied as economics, psychology, science politics, sociology or philosophy. Nevertheless, he remains a great stranger for many social scientists despite its great influence. In this work the basic elements of decision theory are presented first then focus on decision theory in situations of uncertainty. Thus, after explaining some classic decision criteria under uncertainty, we discuss the normative model of expected subjective utility (SEU). The limitations of this theory lead us to the more recent descriptive models that are Support of Herbert Sim???n's limited rationality theory as the model the adaptive decision maker or the theory of ecological rationality. Life abounds in situations where it is necessary to make decisions. In some cases, the consequences of decisions depend only on one side, which makes the decision. For example, a programmer makes a decision in any programming language will encrypt algorithm that solves a given problem. However, the consequences of decisions often depend not only on one side but also on the interaction with the decisions taken by the other side, so that the outcome of the decision on the one hand depends on the decisions of others or other parties. It is often the case that such a situation characterized by conflicting-antagonistic interests of the participants in decision-making, ie. we say that the parties to make decisions in the conflict. In the game of chess, the result of the game depends not only moves one player more than another move and their interests are conflicting, because each side wants to win another. This situation of uncertainty in decision-making in mathematical games is the field of operations research that deals with the analysis of these problems and finding optimal solutions, and is called game theory. Game theory means the mathematical theory of decision-making process by the opponent (the participants, players) that are in conflict (conflict) or are involved in competitive conditions. The term game means a model of real conflict situations. The game can be added to the relevant rules, which define the rules of conduct of participants in the game, and the goal of game theory is that the exact mathematical algorithm analyzes the conflict situation and determine the reasonable behavior of the players and the course of the conflict, ie. to determine the optimal strategy for each of the participants in the game. Game theory has the task of finding solutions in situations of competition, which is partially or completely conflicting interests are at least two opponents (ie. According to this theory among the participants in the game). The solution of the conflict is determined by the actions of all parties involved in the conflict. Game theory deals with situations that have the following characteristics: a) there must be at least two players; b) The game starts by having one or more players choose between defined alternatives; c) after the selection is associated with the first move, the result is determined by the situation that determines who makes the next selection and what are his options open; d) the rules of the game are certain rules for determining which spe
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