In 1962, Thomas Kuhne coined the term "paradigm shift" while arguing that human knowledge advances by quantum leaps with interspersed smaller steps. Preparation for the major advance is generally not a concerted effort by thought leaders. Rather, a few (or one) visionaries gain insights into a process and are able to definitely demonstrate the accuracy of their worldview. Often, the epiphany does not occur during the intellectual lifetime of the discoverers. Medicine has had numerous such "paradigm shifts" including the ...
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In 1962, Thomas Kuhne coined the term "paradigm shift" while arguing that human knowledge advances by quantum leaps with interspersed smaller steps. Preparation for the major advance is generally not a concerted effort by thought leaders. Rather, a few (or one) visionaries gain insights into a process and are able to definitely demonstrate the accuracy of their worldview. Often, the epiphany does not occur during the intellectual lifetime of the discoverers. Medicine has had numerous such "paradigm shifts" including the compelling reworking of Galen's concepts of the body. Of note, the scientific world of the time explained the new views by arguing that the human body must have changed between the time of ancient Greece and modern Europe. The inauguration of cardiac surgery itself required profound shifts in medicine's view of physiology. Yet, over the ensuing 40 years, the field was fine tuned so we could provide greater than 95% success rates in elective surgery with low cost and short h- pital stays. In some parts of the world, the procedures were viewed as commodities and prices dropped as providers were unable to differentiate the quality of their work. As patients and their physicians became more demanding, the desire to make the procedures "minimally invasive" grew. In effect, what we were really searching for was a life saving procedure that also preserved quality of life. In short, "minimally invasive" has really been a code phrase for procedures that disrupt our quality of life the least.
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Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (Contemporary to cart. $48.06, good condition, Sold by Phatpocket Limited rated 4.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Waltham Abbey, ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM, published 2003 by Humana.
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Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (Contemporary to cart. $93.23, good condition, Sold by HPB-Red rated 5.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Dallas, TX, UNITED STATES, published 2003 by Humana.
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Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery to cart. $215.66, new condition, Sold by Ingram Customer Returns Center rated 5.0 out of 5 stars, ships from NV, USA, published 2003 by Humana.
Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (Contemporary to cart. $97.38, good condition, Sold by BooksRun rated 4.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Philadelphia, PA, UNITED STATES, published 2003 by Humana.
Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery to cart. $126.42, new condition, Sold by Media Smart rated 4.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Hawthorne, CA, UNITED STATES, published 2003 by Humana Press.
Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery to cart. $138.66, new condition, Sold by discount_scientific_books rated 4.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Sterling Heights, MI, UNITED STATES, published 2003 by Humana.
Add this copy of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery to cart. $144.23, new condition, Sold by discount_scientific_books rated 4.0 out of 5 stars, ships from Sterling Heights, MI, UNITED STATES, published 2003 by Humana.
