Minerals of Might By William 0. Hotchkiss THE RONALD hlESS COMPANY NEW YORK, N . Y . Copyright, 1945, by THE RONALD PRESS COMPANY Printed in U. S A. With a prayer that they may know no oth war I dedicate this to my grandchildren Ann, Julie, Kay Chadbourne, Bill, Lee Christ e, Henry, Tommy, and Georgia Edith. PREFACE x T THE birth of this country our forefathers lived in essen tially the same manner as men in ancient times. Their food was grown by methods and with implements like those of the Romans. Their clothing was spun ...
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Minerals of Might By William 0. Hotchkiss THE RONALD hlESS COMPANY NEW YORK, N . Y . Copyright, 1945, by THE RONALD PRESS COMPANY Printed in U. S A. With a prayer that they may know no oth war I dedicate this to my grandchildren Ann, Julie, Kay Chadbourne, Bill, Lee Christ e, Henry, Tommy, and Georgia Edith. PREFACE x T THE birth of this country our forefathers lived in essen tially the same manner as men in ancient times. Their food was grown by methods and with implements like those of the Romans. Their clothing was spun and woven as Penelope made her web for Odysseus. Transportation was by sailing boats and crude, animal drawn, wheeled vehicles like those familiar to the Egyptians and Assyrians. Their communications were by messenger, afoot or mounted. The more we know about the modes of living and working at the time of the American Revolution the greater seems the marvel of the present. The better we understand the causes of that almost unbelievable transformation, from then to now, the more capable we shall be of cherishing and perpetuating the conditions that have given us what we have. Almost the whole material difference between then and now is the use we make of natural resources. The use of minerals by the nations of the world has increased so greatly that in the last thirty years we have used approximately as much as man had used in all previous history. Few of the useful minerals are inexhaustible. Some of them are being used at a rate that will exhaust the supply in a few decades. When we consider the part that steel, oil, coal, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc and a host of lesser minerals have played in the success of our armed forces in this war it is wise to be aware ofwhat the future holds for us in supply of these minerals of might. If he knows the facts, no good citizen will say smugly What of it, when our steel is gone some scientist will find a substitute. vi Preface This book is a contribution to the understanding of the non-technical person who wants the facts about our min eral resources told briefly and intelligibly, and in proper perspective. Tire statistical data are taken from standard sources such as the Minerals Yearbook of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, and the American Petroleum Institute Quarterly. Special thanks are due to the McGraw Hill Publishing Company for per mission to quote from Man and Metals by T. A. Rickard, to the Brookings Institution for permission to quote from World Minerals and World Peace by C. K. Leith, J. W. Furness and Cleona Lewis to the Kansas University Press for permission to quote from Oil in the Earth by Wallace Pratt, and to Charles M. Parker for permission to quote from Steel in Action. I am much indebted to R. C. Allen, Donald B. Gillies, C. K. Leith, and Warren S. Blau velt, and to my wife and daughter, all of whom read the manuscript and made many helpful suggestions. WILLIAM O. HOTCHKISS SCARSDALE, NEW YORK April l 1945 CONTENTS Page PREFACE v WHAT ARE NATURAL RESOURCES 1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN WAR 8 DEVELOPMENT OF PEACETIME USES OF NATURAL RESOURCES 21 PRESENT SOURCES OF THE WORLDS METALS 60 SOURCES AND PRODUCTION OF MINERAL FUELS AND OTHER NON-METALLICS 110 RESERVES OF MINERAL RESOURCES 143 THE PEACE FUTURE OF MINERAL RESOURCES 173 MINERAL RESOURCES AND WORLD WAR III 187 CHAPTER 1 What Are Natural Resources 1, WAS sitting on the deck of the big iron ore freighter enjoying abeautiful bright morning. We had just left Ashtabula for a trip up the lakes to Duluth and back. The five men who had invited me to accompany them were all old acquaintances and friends. The two high-school lads I had never met before. They were sons of the lawyer and the banker of the group and were just at that interesting age when boys begin to think seriously at times about the world ahead of them. We were discussing the latest news from the war and from Washington as men are doing all over the country wherever two or three are gathered together...
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