During roughly the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, medical patenting and the use of trademarks were considered unethical forms of monopoly by both the medical community and reputable drug manufacturers. Intellectual property rights were thought to monopolize the use of therapeutic substances unfairly, thereby inhibiting the progress of medical science. A prohibition on medical patenting was incorporated into codes of ethics by both the medical and pharmaceutical communities, and physicians that manufactured, ...
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During roughly the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, medical patenting and the use of trademarks were considered unethical forms of monopoly by both the medical community and reputable drug manufacturers. Intellectual property rights were thought to monopolize the use of therapeutic substances unfairly, thereby inhibiting the progress of medical science. A prohibition on medical patenting was incorporated into codes of ethics by both the medical and pharmaceutical communities, and physicians that manufactured, used, or prescribed monopolized drugs could be, and were, ostracized from the medical community. As a result, the ethical drug manufacturers refrained from patenting or trademarking their goods for most of the century. In sharing this history in full for the first time, Joseph M. Gabriel traces how, in the decades following the Civil War, those reputable drug manufacturers faced a significant problem. Both domestic chemical companies and foreign drug manufacturers introduced a wave of highly effective new medicines. Neither was constrained by the ethical prohibition against IP rights in the same way, and so they often protected their products by both patents and trademarks. Faced with a series of new products that were both clearly effective and also monopolized, the ethical drug manufacturers found it extremely difficult to compete. As the medical market of the late nineteenth-century was increasingly flooded with patented and trademarked drugs, the older therapeutic logic began to fracture and so, by the turn of the century, the orthodox medical community had re-conceptualized the problem of "monopoly "as having little if nothing to do with the question of "clinical effectiveness." The spellbinding history of this transition has clear relevance to contemporary debates about pharmaceutical patenting and the role of advertising in the medical marketplace."
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PLEASE NOTE, WE DO NOT SHIP TO DENMARK. New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Please note we cannot offer an expedited shipping service from the UK.
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Seller's Description:
PLEASE NOTE, WE DO NOT SHIP TO DENMARK. New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Please note we cannot offer an expedited shipping service from the UK.
Choose your shipping method in Checkout. Costs may vary based on destination.
Seller's Description:
PLEASE NOTE, WE DO NOT SHIP TO DENMARK. New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Please note we cannot offer an expedited shipping service from the UK.
