This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1893 Excerpt: ...of the rest. This hardness is called temporary because it may be got rid of by boiling, or by precipitation with lime. By this means the bicarbonate is decomposed, the normal carbonate being precipitated, whilst carbonic acid is freed and expelled as C02; thus: --Ca(HC03)2 = CaC03 ] H20 + C02. Expt. 59.--Boil a portion ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1893 Excerpt: ...of the rest. This hardness is called temporary because it may be got rid of by boiling, or by precipitation with lime. By this means the bicarbonate is decomposed, the normal carbonate being precipitated, whilst carbonic acid is freed and expelled as C02; thus: --Ca(HC03)2 = CaC03 ] H20 + C02. Expt. 59.--Boil a portion of the clear liquid obtained by passing C02 into lime-water. A white precipitate is again formed, whilst bubbles of C02 are given off. If we shake up equal volumes of the boiled and unboiled water with a measured volume of soap solution added gradually, we shall find that a much larger quantity of soap is required to produce a lather in the case of the unboiled or hard water than is required for the boiled or softened water. Clark's Process for softening Water.--Temporary hardness due to calcium bicarbonate may be got rid of and the water softened by the addition of a proper proportion of lime, sufficient in quantity to combine with the free carbonic acid and also to decompose the bicarbonate of lime present; thus: --Ca(HC03)2 + Ca(OH)2 = 2 CaC03 + 2 H20. The result is that the normal carbonate of lime is produced in a liquid which contains no free carbonic acid to dissolve it, hence it falls as an insoluble precipitate.f Permanent Hardness.--Hardness which cannot thus be got rid of by boiling is said to be permanent hardness. It is mainly due to gypsum, CaS04, or to the sulphates or chlorides The student should refer to page 205 for an explanation of normal and acid salts. t Temporary hardness may be due to the presence of the bicarbonates of lime, magnesia, iron, or manganese. of lime and magnesia which are soluble in water. Boiling has no effect on the solutions of these salts, but they may be decomposed by the addition of common washing sod...
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