This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1907 edition. Excerpt: ...value. 129. Elevations and depressions.--Incidentally, this observation affords a method for obtaining the altitude of peaks and other prominent objects in relation to that of the occupied station which should always be taken advantage of; for while it is only occasionally that the surveyor has an ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1907 edition. Excerpt: ...value. 129. Elevations and depressions.--Incidentally, this observation affords a method for obtaining the altitude of peaks and other prominent objects in relation to that of the occupied station which should always be taken advantage of; for while it is only occasionally that the surveyor has an opportunity to determine a complete system of contour lines by a leveling instrument, and such lines are of minor value to the navigator, the altitude of the more conspicuous points is an essential to a good navigating chart. The observation consists in measuring the angle of elevation (or depression) of the point whose height is required above (or below) the horizontal of the occupied station; this measurement is preferably made with a theodolite having a vertical circle, but a sextant and artificial horizon may be substituted. In figure 32, let A be the occupied point, and B, an observed point at a greater elevation; AM, the tangent at A to the refracted ray of light between A and B (the latter shown dotted): AH, the true horizontal of A, cutting the vertical line through B at a height B'H above the earth's surface; 0, the center of the earth; and D, the angle in minutes subtended by AB, equal to the horizontal distance between those points in nautical miles, as given by the results of the survey. It has been found that the effect of refraction is such that the observed angle, MAH, will, under normal atmospheric conditions, be greater than the true angle of elevation, BAH, by an amount equal to one-thirteenth of the angular distance, D. Eemembering this, and regarding BE A as a right angle, we have: BAE = MAE--TVD;. BE = D tan BAH; BB' = BE + B'H. In the first equation, D is taken in minutes of arc, these being equivalent to nautical miles; in...
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Annapolis, MD. : The United States Naval Institute
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