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Beethoven's "Daybook" includes the following famous entry: "The starry heavens above; the moral law within -- Kant!" Beethoven was alluding to Kant's statement in the "Critique of Practical Reason" of the two things that filled him with awe. But, in a simple way, Beethoven's statement could be read to show two related ways of understanding his music: the first as heroic, heaven-storming and outward directed and the second as inward, reflective, and meditative. Some of Beethoven's music can be seen as occupying one or the other end of the polarity while much of the music somehow occupies both ends.
The same holds true as a rough approach to the interpretation of Beethoven's music -- including the 32 piano sonatas. Some performers emphasize the dramatic, rugged and virtuosic characteristics of the music. Other performers emphasize the music's inward, introspective qualities. The great German pianist Wilhelm Kempff's classic recording of the complete piano sonatas is clearly within the latter approach. Kempff (1895 -- 1991) recorded the complete Beethoven sonata-cycle twice, the first in the 1950's and the second in the 1960's. The latter version was reissued on eight CDs by Deutsche Gramophonne as part of its 87-CD Complete Beethoven Edition. I had the original version on LP and purchased the CD set when LPs became obsolete. I recently had the opportunity to relisten to Kempff's performances in their entirety.
Kempff's readings of the sonatas are highly personal and introspective. His tempos tend to be slow and fluid, the pedal is used a great deal, phrasing is highly legato, and the volume is subdued and restrained. This is a metaphysical thoughtful reading of Beethoven which probes within. It is a moving and convincing way of rendering the sonatas; and I came away from my experience with a renewed devotion to this music. I have attempted about one- half of the sonatas myself over the years on the piano.
Beethoven's sonatas date from his youthful days in Bonn before his 1792 move to Vienna (the two sonatas of opus 49) to about 1822 (opus 111). Thus they occupied him for almost the entirety of his creative life. In listening to this complete set, the listener can follow Beethoven's development essentially chronologically and learn more first-hand about the sonatas than can be gained from reading many studies.
Separate from a chronological approach, listeners interested in a complete set of the sonatas will probably have some familiarity with some of the better-known named sonatas, such as the "Pathetique", opus 13, the "Moonlight", opus 27 no. 2, the "Waldstein" opus 53 or the "Appassionata" opus 57. After falling in love with some of these works, many listeners will want to explore the entire set of 32 sonatas.
Kempff brings his own personal, introspective readings to each of these familiar works. He does best, I think, with the rondo finale of the "Waldstein", with the "Moonlight" and with the two final movements of the "Tempest" sonata, opus 31 no. 2. His readings of these works on the whole will offer fresh insight into these great sonatas.
I think the greatest attraction of this set is the opportunity it affords to explore some of Beethoven's less frequently performed works. Again, Kempff is at his best in works of an introspective character. Thus, those coming to the sonata cycle for the first time will enjoy his performances of the opus 26 sonata, of opus 78, 79, and 81a ("Les Adieux) of opus 90, and of opus 101, 109, and 110. Opus 90, 101, and 109 are among my favorites of the cycle, and Kempff plays them soulfully and beautifully.
There is yet another group of sonatas that are still less well-known but receive excellent readings on this set. This group includes two early sonatas, opus 2 no 3 and opus 7, the opus 22 sonata, opus 27 no. 1 (the companion to the more famous "Moonlight"),opus 31 no. 3, the enigmatic opus 54, and, of course, the "Hammerklavier" sonata and the final sonata, opus 111. Each listeners choices and favorites among the 32 will vary and change with time and repeated hearings. This collection is an excellent introduction to all of them.
There are many recordings of the set of 32 sonatas and many approaches to the interpretation of Beethoven. I have lived with my set of Kempff for a long time and still am moved and inspired by his playing of this inexhaustible music. Listeners wanting to get to know this great body of work will find much to cherish in these performances by Wilhelm Kempff.